Key Light: The Keylight is the brightest and most influential light. The purpose of the key light is to highlight the form and dimension of the subject.
Back Light: A light placed at the rear of a subject to light from behind it also counteracts the key light making things more rounded.
Under Lighting: This is when the main source of light comes from below the subject, it can have a distorting effect on the character or object being lit.
Filler Lighting: This involves the use of one or more reflectors that soften harsh shadows, but can include other things that absord, reflect or distort light.
Top Lighting: Light that is placed above the desired subject, is useful for highlighting features.
Back Lighting: The light source is behind the subject and gives new dimension the the background, can create silhouettes.
Low-Key Lighting: Is created by using the key and back lights, it produces a sharp contrast between light and dark areas on screen. It creates very deep and distinct shadows, a popular technique in horror films as it can create a sinister or dark tone.
High-Key Lighting: Multiple filler lights are used to create what is described as normal or realistic lighting to our eyes. This includes things such as shots outside during the day but can include shots at night which is subtly lit.
Sin City uses Low-Key Lighting to a great effect, the sharp contrasts between black and white creates the feel of a moving comic book, which was the desired effect.
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